2015考研英语：同中有异的几大“限制”

在考研英语中，经常会存在这样一种现象，那就是不同的英语词汇翻译成汉语却是同一个意思，有时可能会让考生们十分费解。完形填空、长难句翻译以及大小作文都可能会涉及到。这些词汇真的是一个意思的吗，以“限制”一词来举例，事实上，表面上同一种含义的词汇在用法的细致划分上存在着较大的差异。下面老师就带考生们一起来看一下。

一、“限制”的几种表达方法

1.confine

原意是“禁锢”，引申出不可逾越出限定的范围，常用结构是confine to

【例句】

After his wife’s death,he confined himself to his room,listening to sad music all day long.

他的妻子死后，他自己禁锢在房间里，整天听着悲伤的音乐。

2.restrict

指限制行为、活动、事物的范围，其名词是restriction，后接介词on。

【例句】By 1990,many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safely.到了1990年，为了确保行人安全许多市政府当局已经开始限制汽车的使用。

3.limite多指时间、空间、程度、数量等方面能达到的最大限度，名词limit后接on。

【例句】Some bankers want legislation to be passed to limit the growth of foreign banks in the state of California.一些银行家希望能通过立法来限制外资银行在加利福尼亚发展。

4.constrain

取“限制”词意的时候意为把…限制在狭小的范围内，后接介词to。此外还有强逼，抑制、压制的意思。

【例句】Two massesconstrained tomove in a horizontal plane collide .

在两个限定在一个水平面上运动的物体发生碰撞。

二、真题大放送

【2005年考研英语一完型填空】

The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,but this is largely because,unlike animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, missing the majority of smells which stick to surfaces.

3.[A]limited [B]committed [C]dedicated [D]confined

【答案】[A]语义衔接、词汇辨析题

【解析】This means that our noses are to perceiving those smells which float through the air.“这意味着我们的鼻子……闻到漂浮在空气中的气味。”选项A. be limited to 被限制在……，B. be committed to 被交给……,答应承担……义务，C. be dedicated to 奉献，献给，D. be confined to 限制在，局限于。根据句意可以排除B、C项。be confined to有“把……局限/限制于”的含义，但是它一般用于具体范围的“局限、限制”，与句子的语境不符。因此，正确答案为A。

【2009年考研英语二完型填空】

Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, while major importers—including china and India, home to a third of the world's population— 27 rising economic and social costs. Managing this new order is fast becoming a central problem of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to lock up scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, no matter how unpleasant, to do it .

27. A.confineB. conflict C. conform D. confront

【答案】D.confront

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