初中英语语法大全：直接引语和间接引语

语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话， 或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。

1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

② 一般疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

③ 反意疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

④ 特殊疑问句

由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：

He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said, “Where have you been， Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

⑤ 选择疑问句

由 whether…or 引导，例：

Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

⑥ 祈使句

用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：

“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.

2. 时态的变化

如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应变化：

直接引语 间接引语

一般现在时 → 一般过去时

现在进行时 → 过去进行时

现在完成时 → 过去完成时

一般过去时 → 过去完成时

过去完成时 → 过去完成时(不变)

一般将来时 → 过去将来时

3. 指示代词、时间状语和地点状语，直接引语变间接引语时的变化

① 指示代词

this →that

these → those

② 时间状语

now → then

today → that day

tonight → that night

this morning(week， month…) → that morning(week， month …)

tomorrow → the next day

next week(month…) → the next week(month …)

yesterday → the day before

last week(month…) → the week(month…) before

three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before

③ 地点状语 here → there

④ 动词 come → go

特别提示：以上变化要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械地照搬。假如就在当地转述，here 就不必改为there；如果就在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。

直击考点

一、单项填空

1. — My parents always tell me others late at night.

— They’re right. It’s not polite.

A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call

(06年 福州)

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