初一下册英语知识点：Unit12

初一下册英语知识点Unit12 Don’t eat in class主要是课前预习、课后复习这两个方面的学习资料，梳理了课前的学习目标、重点和难点;课后复习的短语、重点句型、重难点解析。为帮助初一下学期的同学们学习及中考考生复习，欢迎同学们阅读学习!

课前预习资料

学习目标：

1. 谈论规则

2. 祈使语气

3. 表示允许

4. 能够用口头或书面描述规则

重点和难点：

重点掌握祈使语气的用法，包括表示允许的Can及其当情态动词用的 have to do;以及各种可以用在表述规章制度的动词和句型。难点在于情态动词的用法，以及祈使句与它的应答。

1. 表示规则的句型：

--- Don’t run in the hallways.

--- Sorry, Ms Mendoza.

Don’t watch TV after school.

Don’t go out on school nights.

1. 思考、谈论规则。

Don’t talk loudly.

Do your homework after school!

Practice your guitar every day.

引导、启发、教授需学内容。

2. Can for permission, such as: We can do….

We can’t do….

Can we do…?

--- What are the rules?

--- Well, we can’t arrive late for class.

--- Can we listen to music, Alex?

--- We can’t listen to music in the hallways, but we can listen to it outside.

课后复习资料

一.短语

1. in class 在课上

2. on school nights 在上学的晚上

3. school rules 校规

4. no talking 禁止交谈

5. listen to music 听音乐

6. have to 不得不

7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步

8. eat outside 在外面吃饭

9. in the hallway 在走廊上

10. wear a uniform 穿制服

11. arrive late for class 上学迟到

12. after school 放学后

13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它

14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里

15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面

16. by ten o'clock.十点之前

17. be in bed 在床上

18. the Children's Palace 少年宫

19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭

二.重点句型

1.Don’t arrive late for school=Don’t be late for school

2.Don’t fight =

3.Don’t listen to music in the classroom.

4.Don’t run in the hallways

5.Don’t smoke .It’s bad for your health.

6.Don’t play cards in school

7.Don’t talk in class

8.Don’t watch TV on school nights.

9.Don’t sleep in class.

10.Don’t play sports in the classrooms.

11.Don’t sing songs at night.

12.Don’t talk when you eat.

13.Don’t wear hats in class.

14.Do homework by 10:00.

15.Clean your house!

16.Make the bed.

17.Can we ……? Yes ,we can . No, we can’t.

Eg: Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can’t. We can’t arrive late for class.

18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don’t.

三. 重难点解析：

1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。(1)结构：主语+have to+动词原形+其他

(一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用has to;句子是过去时，用had to.)如：　　　　　　　　　　We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5点起床。

(2)否定形式：主语+don't have to+动词原形+其他

(一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，用doesn't have to. 句子是过去时，用didn't have to)

如：Nick doesn't have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didn't have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。

(3)疑问句：Do (Does或Did)+主语+have to +动词原形+其他

如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗?Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不11点前上床睡觉吗?

2. 情态动词can的用法

(1)表示能力，"会""能"(在第一册中已经学习这种用法)

Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗?Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。

(2)表示允许、许可，"可以"、"能"(在这一课中新学的词义)

Can the students run in the hallways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗?We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗?

注意 同样是情态动词，can 和have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。

3. hear，listen和sound都有"听"的意思，但三者是有区别的。

(1)hear"听说"，侧重于"听"的内容

I'm sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。

I never heard such an interesting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。

(2)listen"听"侧重于"听"这一动作。Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。

The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。

(3)sound"听起来"，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。

It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。

4. be in bed "在床上、卧床"in 和bed之间不能用冠词，bed也不用复数。

He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床10年了。Dave has to be in bed early every night.大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。

5. arrive late for 与be late for 意思相近，"迟到"Don't arrive (be)late for school. 上学别迟到。I arrived (was)late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。

6. No talking ! "禁止交谈!"no后面加上名词或动名词(doing)也表示不要做某事。与don't +do的用法相似。No wet umbrellas! / Don't put wet umbrellas here! 禁止放湿雨伞!

No food! Don't eat food here! 禁止吃食物!No smoking! Don't smoke here! 禁止吸烟!

7.语法(祈使句)

祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。

如：Look out! 小心!Wait here for me! 在这等我!

Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里!

祈使句的否定形式多以do not(常缩写成don't)开头，再加上动词原形。

Don't arrive late for school. 上学别迟到。

Don't fight! 别打架!

Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。

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